Penguins have many predators, including: Leopard seals. These large seals are the main predators of penguins in Antarctica, hunting them in the water and on land. Killer whales. These whales are effective hunters of penguins that get too close to the ocean. Sea lions. These pinnipeds may prey on penguins in certain situations. Sharks. Larger sharks, such as great white sharks, may prey on penguins. Sea eagles. These strong aerial hunters may prey on penguins, especially the smaller Little Pengui