“A top-down approach starts with a big picture, breaking it down into smaller components until achieving the objective. A bottom-up approach starts with small, individual components and builds to a ...

A monthly overview of things you need to know as an architect or aspiring architect. Unlock the full InfoQ experience by logging in! Stay updated with your favorite authors and topics, engage with ...

Christine Benz: Dave, I sense that a lot of people who wear that market strategist cap at other firms are kind of top-down. They’re not necessarily leveraging the bottom-up research that you are. Do ...

Despite decades of progress, the origin of life remains one of the great unsolved problems in science. "The most basic features of biology, that organisms are made of cells, that they pass genetic ...

Inflation drives the prices that companies can charge for their goods and services, the prices that companies pay for labor and materials, as well as Federal Reserve policy for interest rates. Oil ...

Synthetic immunology, an innovative field of research which could lead to fundamentally new approaches and methods in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer, is the topic of an article in the ...

For much of the past few months, President Joe Biden’s administration has been trying to drum up public enthusiasm around “Bidenomics”—an economic agenda formed around the logic of building the ...

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The drive to stabilize Afghanistan must focus on cultivating local leaders, better training of Afghan troops and police, and pressing Kabul to fight corruption, a report by a ...

Picture your brain as a staircase. Each step is a stage of physical brain development which starts in the womb and ends, on a physical level, around age 25. Each stair step going up is an advanced ...