When Napoleon’s once invincible army limped out of Russia in winter 1812, frostbite and hunger were merely half the story. Historians have debated for more than two centuries over which diseases ...

In 1812 Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Russia with one of the largest armies in history—the “Grande Armée” of about half a million men. But when they were forced to retreat, harsh winter conditions, ...

Scientists from the Institut Pasteur have genetically analyzed the remains of former soldiers who retreated from Russia in 1812. They detected two pathogens, those responsible for paratyphoid fever ...

Napoleon Bonaparte's disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 saw his massive "Grande Armée" almost destroyed by hunger, enemy attacks and the brutal winter. But now, scientists have identified another ...