Before ranking elements by their ionization energy, it's important to understand the factors that govern this property: Nuclear Charge: A higher nuclear charge (more protons in the nucleus) results in ...
Characteristic X rays of energies less than approximately 20 keVare of interest in radiobiology and radiation oncology. There is evidence that these low-energy photons produce higher relative ...
The best-laid plans of MICE and muons did not go awry: Physicists at the International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment, or MICE, collaboration have achieved their yearslong goal of quickly sapping ...