H. macrantha flowers have both male and female reproductive organs. To avoid mating with themselves, individual flowers go through a male phase and then a female phase. They rely on hummingbirds to ...

Flower development represents a pinnacle of plant morphogenesis, integrating positional cues, hormonal signals and intricate gene-regulatory networks to transform undifferentiated meristematic cells ...

Sex in the garden is more straightforward for the birds and the bees than it’s for the plants. Reproductive processes vary among flowering plants; for many, there is more than one option. When ...

ANY biologically aware parent who has started talking about the birds and the bees will have realised halfway through that what they are really discussing is flowers. Bees carry pollen grains from one ...