In the initial years of petroleum refining, the majority of gasoline blending components were composed of straight-run material taken directly from crude oil distillation units. Refineries were ...

Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is an extremely toxic, corrosive gas and liquid. As the lightest of the hydrogen halides, it has a surprisingly high boiling point, higher even than that of hydrogen iodide. The ...

Alkylate is in short supply in the US. The renewable fuels standard (RFS) mandates the use of ethanol in gasoline. The high vapor pressure of ethanol requires a reduction in other light gasoline ...